SUMMARY

DAY 1

String Manipulation:

Double & Single Quotes: print('String concatenation is done with the "+" sign') ---> single then double then single String concatenation is done with the "+" sign print("String concatenation is done with the \"+\" sign")---> double then ignore the double quotes as code, but keep it, add the +, ignore double quotes as code and keep the double quotes and end the double quotes. String concatenation is done with the "+" sign

New Lines and Multi-lines

print("Hello World\nHello World\nHello World") ---> \n places at the end of the word Hello Wallis Hello Wallis Hello Wallis message = """This is a multi-line string in Python""" print(message)---> Triple double quotes OR triple single quotes to use multi-lines This is a multi-line string in Python text = '''She said, "It's a great day!"'''---> Triple single quotes to avoid escape characters She said, "It's a great day!"

Concatenated

print("Hello " + "Wallis, " + "How are you?") ---> add space to get normal text Hello Wallis, How are you? print("Hello" + " " + "Wallis," + " " + "How are you?")add a '+' sign between and double quotes Hello Wallis, How are you?

Input Functions

print("Hello " + input("What is your name?")) ---to enter data into Python print(len(input("What is your name?\n "))) Wallis Short 12

Actually the name has 11 characters. To remove the white space between

name = input("What is your name?\n") print(len(name.replace(" ", ""))) Wallis Short 11

Variables

name = input("What is your name?\n") length = len(name.replace(" ", "")) print(f"Hello {name}\nYour name has {length} characters in it") What is your name? Leonardo da Vinci Hello Leonardo da Vinci Your name has 15 characters in it

Variable Naming - PEP8

• OIL - nevewr use any of these as single character variable names (Uppercase O, Uppercase I or lowercase el )

• A-Z, a-z, 0-9 and undersocre _ , all these can all be used in varaibles however a digit cannot be at the beginning

  • Most popular used are:

    • Camel Case - camelCaseUsage - First word is lowercase, and each following word starts with a capital letter.

    • Pascal Case - PascalCaseUsage - Every word starts with a capital letter (including the first one).

    • Snake Case - snake_case_usage - All letters are lowercase, words are separated by underscores.

To check for reserved words, you can use: help("keywords")

Which One Should You Use?

🔹 Python: Use snake_case for variables/functions, PascalCase for classes.

=========================================================================

DAY 2 - Data Types & String Manipulation

Data Types

• Strings

  • "Hello" is a string - think "string of pearls" - each letter joined with another letter to form a string of letters.

  • We can identify and pull out an individual letter within the string - called SUBSCRIPTING print ("Hello" [1] ) e The 'e' = position [1] - Left to Right (binary, start from 0) The 'e' = position [-4] - Right to Left (no binary, start from 1)

• Integers - Whole Numbers

• Floats - Numbers with decimal points

• Boolean - True or False (Cpaital 'T' of 'F') - No quotes around them

Type Checking and Type Conversion

Functions

• num_char = len(input("What is your name? ")) print("Your name has " + num_char + "characters")

• What is your name? Wallis print("Your name has " + num_char + "characters") TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

• From the below output we get a TypeError saying you cannot concatenate integers and strings but you can on strings only

Type Checking

• print(type(len(input("What is your name")))) <class 'int'>---> Here we check what TYPE of class this is and it shows its an INTEGER

Type Conversion

num_char =str(len(input("What is your name? "))) ---> here we change the int to a str print("Your name has " + num_char + "characters")

two_digit_number = input("Type in any 2 digit number: \n") first_number = two_digit_number [0]---> this type is a 'string' as shown below print(type(first_number) second_number = two_digit_number [1]---> this type is a 'string' as shown

print(int(first_number) + int(second_number))---> convert strings to integers

Type in any 2 digit number: 35 <class 'str'> shows us that this type is a 'string' 8

Mathematical Operations

Floor Division(//)

• Floor division divides 2 numbers and returns the LARGEST integer less than or equal to the result, ie, it rounds down the result to the nearest WHOLE number.

  • 7//2 # Result 3 ---> this gives 3 because that's the largest integer less than or = to 3,5 -7//2 #Result: -4 (rounded DOWN )---> rounds down to the lower integer with negative numbers

Quotient

• The quotient refers to the integer part of a division result, ignoring the remainder. Its the same as floor division

Remainder (%) Modulo

• The modulo operator is carried out with a percent symbol (%) and is used to get the remainder of a division. For example:

  • print(20 % 6) 20 // 6 = 3 3*6 = 18 20-18 = 2 Modulo = 2.0

    print(1.25 % 0.5) 1.25 // 0.5 = 2.0 2.0 * 0.5 = 1.0 1.25 -1 = 0.25 Modulo = 0.25

    print(12 % 4.5) 12 // 4.5 = 2.0 2 * 4.5 = 9.0 12 - 9.0 = 3.0 Modulo = 3.0 Remember integer divided by a float is always a float !!

Operators and their Binding

Don't forget PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction) We do this fro LEFT to RIGHT print(9 % 6 % 2) ---> starting from left hand side like PEMDAS 9 // 2 = 4.0 4 * 2 = 8 9 - 8 = 1 .0 so: print(1 % 2) 1 //2 = 0.5 0.5 * 2 = 1 Modulo = 1 ----> not sure why this is an integer and not a float because if I do print(type(9 % 6 % 2)) <class 'int'>