# Operations- Data Manipulation Tools ## Simple Operations Python has the capability of carrying out calculations. \ Enter a calculation directly into the print statement:\ `print(2 + 2)` Answer = 4\ `print(5 + 4 - 3)` Answer = 6\ The spaces around the plus and minus signs here are **optional** (the code would work without them), but they make it easier to read. Python also carries out multiplication and division, using an **asterisk \*** to indicate multiplication and a **forward slash /** to indicate division.\ \ Use **parentheses** to determine which operations are performed first.\ print (2\*(3+4)) Answer = 14\ print (10/2) Answer = 5.0 Using a single slash to divide numbers produces a decimal (or **float**, as it is called in programming) ![](/files/-MGO0HSlo0SdYt6I3ctd) The order of their appearance is not accidental. We'll talk more about it once we've gone through them all. ### Exponentiation (\*\*) A double asterisk `**` sign is an exponentiation operator `print( 2**5 )`\ `print( 9 ** (1/2) )` You can chain exponentiations together. In other words, you can rise a number to multiple powers. For example **2\*\*3\*\*2** ### **Quotient (//)** **Floor division** is done using two forward `//` slashes and is used to determine the **quotient** of a division (the quantity produced by the division of two numbers).\ \ **For example:**\ `print( 20 // 6 )` `Ans = 3` \[6 goes into 20 three times] remainder 2 but we check if the remainder is 2, rounded off to the **LESSER** integer, so the answer remain a= 3 \ You can also use floor division on floats. {% hint style="danger" %} Lets look at \ `print (6//4) Ans = 1`\ `print (6.//4) Ans = 1.0` There are 2 things at play here: * Remember when we divided an integer by an integer we **ALWAYS** got a float as the result. Here we can see that we got **another integer.** * The second thing is that the ***real result*** of 6 /4 is **1.5** But because we are doing floor division (//) the actual answer is 1!! How did we get 1? The rule with floor quotients is that the result of the integer divison is **ALWAYS ROUNDED OFF** to the **LESSER** integer!! In this case the real answer is 1.5 and normally we would round this of to 2, but we have to go to the lesser integer - so in this case its 1 **NOW!!! Lets try this**: `print (6 //`**`-4`**`) Ans =`` `**`-2`** How did we get a 2 here ? Well if we divide this the **real** answer is -1.5 and we are doing floor division so we will be **ROUNDING OFF TO THE LESSER** integer, and so in this case the lesser integer would then be **`-2`** :) {% endhint %} ### Remainder (%) The **modulo operator** is carried out with a percent symbol (%) and is used to get the **remainder** of a division.\ \ **For example:** `print(20 % 6) Ans = 2` \ `20 // 6 = 3` \ `3*6 = 18` \ `20-18=2` `print(1.25 % 0.5) Ans = 0.25`\ `1.25 // 0.5 = 2.0`\ `2.0 * 0.5 = 1.0`\ `1.25 -1 = 0.25` `print(12 % 4.5) Ans = 3.0`\ `12 // 4.5 = 2.0`\ `2 * 4.5 =9.0`\ `12 - 9.0 = 3.0` **Remember integer divided by a float is always a float !!** ### **Operators and their Binding** Don't forget **PEMDAS(Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division\[left to right], Addition and Subtraction\[left to right])** when it comes to figuring which to do first :) The binding of the operator determines the order or computations performed by some operators with equal priority, put side by side in one expression.\ Most of Pythons options have **left-sided** binding, which means that the calculation of expressions is handled from **left to right**. For example:\ \&#xNAN;**`print (9 % 6 % 2)`** ![](/files/-MGPvC11kTW_2TEuJBqn) As can be seen, this occurs by Python using the **left-sided binding -** But there is **one** interesting exception!! - EXPONENTIATION ### Exponentiation - Use Right-Sided Binding **`print (2 ** 2 ** 3)`** **`2**3 = 8`**\ **`2**8 = 256`** ### Operators and Parentheses `print((5 * ((25 % 13) + 100) / (2 * 13)) // 2)`\ `print[((5 * ((25 % 13) + 100) / 26]` \ `25 // 13 = 1`\ `1 * 13 = 13`\ `25 - 13 = 12`\ \ `12 + 100 = 112`\ `112 * 5 = 560`\ `---------------`\ `560 / 26 = 21.53`\ `21.53 // 2`\ \ `Answer = 10.0` ### List of Priorities #### Learnt Lists of Priorities so far: - ![](/files/-MGQQqhngUZ1dGO-DGPx) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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